Discrepancies between physical therapy education and clinical practice: a narrative review

Abstract

Physiotherapy is a health discipline focused on body movement that adopts a holistic perspective, recognizing the interdependence between body and mind. This narrative review assessed discrepancies between physical therapy education and clinical practice using a comprehensive search of databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar to identify studies published between 2000 and 2023. Data were qualitatively analyzed to identify recurring themes. A significant lack of alignment was found between the academic curriculum and clinical demands. Physical therapists face barriers such as lack of time and resources, which limits the application of evidence-based practices. In countries such as Norway, Ireland and Colombia, work overload and lack of resources exacerbate discrepancies, affecting the quality of care. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated these difficulties by disrupting practical training. The integration of methodologies such as clinical simulation and continuous training is proposed, in addition to changes in the health system that allow adequate times for the evaluation and treatment of patients. Addressing these discrepancies is crucial to improve student preparation and ensure that physical therapists are equipped to meet clinical demands and deliver high-quality care.