Structure and dynamics of university degrees in Paraguay (2013–2023): a data science approach and descriptive analysis of variables
Main Article Content
Keywords
higher education, university degrees, multivariate analysis, data science
Abstract
This study examines the evolution and distribution of undergraduate degrees in Paraguay between 2013 and 2023, based on official records from the Ministry of Education and Sciences (MEC). Data science techniques and multivariate statistical analysis were applied, using the OECD Frascati Manual (2018) classification of scientific areas and disciplines, to explore variations by type and nature of degree-granting institutions. The results reveal a persistent concentration of degrees in Social Sciences and Medical and Health Sciences, as well as the predominance of the private university sector in degree issuance. Institutional concentration processes were identified, with a small group of universities—both public and private—accounting for a significant share of graduates, raising challenges regarding territorial equity and disciplinary diversification. A sustained growth was observed in disciplines such as Clinical Medicine, Engineering, and Economics, in contrast with the relatively low participation of Natural Sciences and other STEM fields. These findings provide empirical evidence to guide public policies and institutional strategies aimed at promoting a more balanced academic offer aligned with sustainable development needs.
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